Pterygium and pinguecula are conditions of the ocular surface that can cause discomfort, affect the appearance of the eye and, in some cases, vision.

They are more common in people who work outdoors or live in hot, dry climates.

Pterygium can affect vision if it spreads onto the cornea.

Pterygium surgery has a high success rate when a conjunctival graft is used.

What arePterygium and Pinguecula?

✅ A pinguecula is a yellowish thickening of the conjunctiva, next to the cornea, that does not spread onto it
✅ A pterygium is a wing-shaped growth of fibrovascular tissue that advances from the conjunctiva onto the cornea
✅ Both usually appear on the side closest to the nose, although they can also develop on the outer side
✅ They are benign lesions, mainly linked to exposure to sun, wind and dryness
✅ A pinguecula does not usually affect vision; a pterygium can, if it advances towards the centre of the cornea
✅ Both may occasionally become inflamed and red

An eye examination makes it possible to tell them apart, assess how they are progressing and decide on the most suitable treatment.

Watch out for signs that may indicate their onset

✅ Eye redness, especially after exposure to sun, wind or dust
✅ A foreign-body or gritty sensation, or irritation in the eye
✅ Dry eyes, stinging and watering
✅ A visible yellowish or fleshy growth on the conjunctiva or cornea
✅ Discomfort when wearing contact lenses
✅ In advanced pterygium, blurred vision or induced astigmatism if it spreads onto the cornea

If you notice any of these symptoms, see an ophthalmologist to have the lesion assessed and the most suitable treatment determined.

Why do pterygium and pinguecula develop?

🔹 Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation: the main factor in the development of these growths.
🔹 Dry, dusty environments: wind, sand and pollution can irritate the ocular surface.
🔹 Not wearing sunglasses enough: a lack of adequate protection increases the risk.
🔹 Genetic predisposition: some people are more prone to developing these conditions.
🔹 Age: they are more common in older adults, although they can appear in younger people exposed to risk factors.
🔹 Excessive screen use without adequate lubrication: this can contribute to dry eye and chronic irritation.

From conservative options to surgery in advanced cases

Treatment varies according to the severity and the patient's symptoms.

Treatment options:

🔹 Artificial tears: to relieve dryness and eye irritation.
🔹 Anti-inflammatory eye drops: to reduce inflammation in symptomatic cases.
🔹 Wearing sunglasses: to protect the eyes from UV radiation and prevent growth.
🔹 Surgical removal of the pterygium: indicated if it affects vision or causes persistent discomfort.
🔹 Advanced techniques with conjunctival graft: these reduce the risk of recurrence after surgery.
🔹 Regular ophthalmological follow-up: to monitor progression and prevent complications.